Complete Summary & Study Guide
๐ Key Terminology Flashcards
๐ Gravitation Terms
- Universal Law of Gravitation: Every object attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- Gravitational Constant (G): Universal constant of proportionality in Newton’s law of gravitation.
- Free Fall: Motion under gravity only, with no air resistance.
- Acceleration due to Gravity (g): Acceleration experienced by objects in Earth’s gravitational field.
- Weight: Force with which Earth attracts an object (W = mg).
- Mass: Amount of matter in an object (constant everywhere).
๐ Fluid Mechanics Terms
- Thrust: Force acting perpendicular to a surface.
- Pressure: Thrust per unit area (P = F/A).
- Buoyant Force: Upward force exerted by fluid on an immersed object.
- Archimedes’ Principle: Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.
- Relative Density: Ratio of density of a substance to the density of water.
- Principle of Flotation: A floating object displaces fluid equal to its weight.
โ๏ธ Density & Floating Terms
- Density: Mass per unit volume (ฯ = m/V).
- Floating: When object density is less than fluid density.
- Sinking: When object density is more than fluid density.
- Neutral Buoyancy: When object density equals fluid density.
๐งฎ Master Formula Sheet
๐ Gravitation Formulas
๐โโ๏ธ Motion Formulas
๐ง Fluid Mechanics Formulas
๐ Important Constants & Values
๐ช Fun Facts & Real-Life Applications
๐ Space Applications
- GPS satellites: Account for gravitational time dilation.
- Spacecraft: Use gravity assists for interplanetary travel.
- Astronauts: Experience weightlessness due to continuous free fall.
๐ Everyday Applications
- Hydraulic brakes: Use Pascal’s principle.
- Ships: Use ballast tanks for stability.
- Submarines: Control buoyancy to dive or surface.
โ๏ธ Measurement Applications
- Hydrometers: Measure liquid density.
- Jewellers: Test gold purity using relative density.
- Lactometers: Check milk quality.
๐ Study Tips
๐ Memorization Tricks
โ ๏ธ Common Mistakes to Avoid
