Methods for Liquid-Solid Separation

📚 Key Concepts

🔹 Sedimentation and Decantation

Sedimentation: Heavy insoluble particles settle down at the bottom of liquid.

Decantation: Clear liquid is poured out by tilting the container.

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Examples:

  • Separating tea leaves from tea
  • Cleaning muddy water
  • Oil and water separation (partially)

🔹 Filtration

Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids using a filter.

Components:

  • Filter: Material with tiny pores (filter paper, cloth, sand)
  • Filtrate: Clear liquid that passes through
  • Residue: Solid particles left on filter

Types of Filters:

  • Filter paper (finest)
  • Cloth (medium)
  • Sand (coarse)

Applications:

  • Water purification
  • Coffee/tea preparation
  • Industrial processes
  • Laboratory work
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