Menstrual cycle in females

🔷️Definition:- The menstrual  cycle is a monthly cycle in females during which the uterus prepares for pregnancy. If fertilization does not occurs, the uterine linings sheds as menstrual bleeding.

Phases of menstrual cycle:-

Day (1-5) Menstrual phase:-

  • Uterus lining breaks down and sheds with blood.
  • Happens when fertilization does not occurs.
  • Called menstruation or periods.

Day (6-13) Follicular phase:-

  • Pituitary gland releases FSH (follicular stimulating hormones)
  • Stimulates growth of eggs in ovary.
  • Estrogen is released helps in rebuilding the uterine linings.

Day (14) Ovulation phase:-

  • Mature egg is released from ovary into the fallopian tube.
  • Triggered by LH (Luteinizing phase)

Day (15-28) Luteal phase:-

  • Corpus luteum forms in ovary.
  • Secretes progesterone to maintain thick uterine linings.
  • If no fertilization corpus luteum breaks down hormones levels drop and next period begins.
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Menarche and Menopause:-

  • Menarche:- The first period in female body is called menarche. Occurs Around 10-14 age group.
  • Menopause:- Permanente stop of periods (around age 40-45)