Communicable Diseases

📚 Key Concepts

🔹 Modes of Transmission

How communicable diseases spread:

1. Airborne Transmission:
   • Through coughing and sneezing
   • Examples: Common cold, tuberculosis, COVID-19
2. Water and Food-borne:
   • Contaminated water and food
   • Examples: Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A
3. Vector-borne:
   • Through insects (vectors)
   • Examples: Malaria (mosquito), dengue (mosquito)
4. Direct Contact:
   • Touching infected person or surfaces
   • Examples: Skin infections, some viral diseases
5. Indirect Contact:
   • Sharing personal items
   • Examples: Sharing towels, utensils

🔹 Common Communicable Diseases

Airborne Diseases:

Water/Food-borne Diseases:

Vector-borne Diseases:

🔹 Prevention of Communicable Diseases

Primary Prevention Methods:

1. Personal Hygiene:
   • Regular handwashing with soap
   • Covering mouth while coughing/sneezing
   • Not sharing personal items
2. Environmental Hygiene:
   • Clean surroundings
   • Proper waste disposal
   • Safe water and food
3. Protective Measures:
   • Wearing masks in crowded places
   • Using mosquito nets and repellents
   • Avoiding close contact with sick people
4. Vaccination:
   • Getting vaccinated as per schedule
   • Community immunity through mass vaccination