Summary

📄 Key Concepts Recap

Essential Magnet Properties:

Two poles: Every magnet has North and South poles
Attraction/Repulsion: Unlike poles attract, like poles repel
Material interaction: Only attract magnetic materials
Direction finding: Free magnets align North-South

Types and Applications:

Natural magnets: Lodestone from nature
Artificial magnets: Made by humans in various shapes
Navigation: Compass uses Earth’s magnetic field
Technology: Motors, generators, storage devices

Practical Knowledge:

Testing materials: Magnetic vs non-magnetic
Making compass: Magnetize needle, float on water
Safety: Proper storage and handling
Daily life: Refrigerators, computers, medical devices

Real-life Applications:

Navigation systems for ships and aircraft
Data storage in computers and phones
Electric motors in appliances and vehicles
Medical imaging and therapeutic devices
Industrial sorting and lifting equipment

🧪 Important Formulas and Rules

🔸 Fundamental Laws

Law of Poles: Like poles repel, unlike poles attract
Pole Pairs: Magnetic poles always exist in pairs
Earth’s Magnetism: Free magnet aligns North-South

🔸 Material Classification

Magnetic Materials: Iron, nickel, cobalt, steel
Non-magnetic Materials: Wood, plastic, glass, aluminum

🔸 Compass Rule

Red end: Usually points to magnetic North
Direction finding: Align compass dial with needle