Federalism
🏛️ Lesson:
📌 Overview
This lesson explores federalism—a system where power is shared between multiple levels of government. Students will learn how India’s federal structure operates, the division of powers, and how language, decentralisation, and local governance strengthen democracy.
🎯 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:
- ⚖️ Define federalism and explain its core principles.
- 🗂️ Understand the division of powers through Union, State, Concurrent, and Residuary Lists.
- 🌍 Differentiate between Coming Together and Holding Together federations with examples.
- 🧭 Analyse India’s linguistic reorganisation of states and its impact on unity.
- 🗳️ Recognise the role of decentralisation through Panchayati Raj and Municipalities.
- 📜 Explain the importance of language policy and Scheduled Languages.
📚 Key Concepts Covered
- Meaning & Features of Federalism
- Two-tier & Three-tier systems of government in India
- Union, State, Concurrent & Residuary subjects with examples
- Difference between Unitary and Federal systems
- Coming Together vs Holding Together Federations
- Indian Federation – states, union territories, and jurisdiction
- Language policy and Eighth Schedule languages
- Creation of linguistic states in India
- Decentralisation and local self-government structures (Panchayati Raj Institutions, Municipalities)
- Roles of Gram Sabha, Panchayat Samiti, Mayor, State Election Commission
🧠 Skills Developed
- Analytical comparison between types of federations
- Ability to link constitutional provisions to real governance
- Understanding of decentralised governance in practice
📌 Assessment & Activities
- 📝 MCQs & match-the-following based on lists and institutions
- 📊 Diagram-based questions on tier systems and power division
- 💬 Case study discussions on linguistic state formation and decentralisation