🌡️ Acids, Bases, and Salts Class 10th Chemistry CBSE
Understand how substances behave in water:
- 🔬 Acids: Release H⁺ ions (e.g., HCl, H₂SO₄)
- 🧪 Bases: Release OH⁻ ions (e.g., NaOH, Ca(OH)₂)
- 🎨 Use indicators like Litmus, Methyl Orange, Phenolphthalein
🔢 pH Scale (0–14)
Acids: <7 | Neutral: 7 | Bases: >7
🔧 Everyday Importance of pH
- Human body: ~7.4
- Soil health
- Tooth decay
- Bee sting remedies
💡 Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
React with metals, carbonates, and each other (Neutralization)
🧴 Common Compounds
| Compound | Preparation | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium Hydroxide | Electrolysis of NaCl solution | Soaps, paper, cleaning |
| Bleaching Powder | Ca(OH)₂ + Cl₂ | Disinfectant, bleaching |
| Baking Soda | NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O | Baking, antacid |
| Washing Soda | Recrystallizing baking soda | Laundry, glass, paper |
| Plaster of Paris | CaSO₄·½H₂O from gypsum | Molding, castings |